The theory is that all humans descend from a single female - "Mitochondrial DNA."
It just got a serious dent in it. See, it seems, that we can inherit MtDNA from our fathers after all. It's very rare, but it does happen. Whatever mechanism allows for it appears to be hereditary.
Is this how new mitochondrial lines form? Horses, for example, have three, which may relate to the three initial landraces of horse - steppe horses (ancestral to modern light horses), forest horses (ancestral to drafts) and hill horses (ancestral to ponies).
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